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yksd u`R;

ÒaxM+k

iatkc dk ÒaxM+k u`R; esyksa] R;ksgkjksa] ’kkfn;ksa rFkk Qly dh dVkbZ ls tqMk gqvk gS A ÒaxM+k iq:"kksa }kjk [kq’kh ds ekSds ij fd;k tkus okyk u`R; gS A

>wej

>wej u`R; nf[k.kh iatkc dk mlds fgLlksa esa csVus ls iwoZ ds fnuksa esa Ikq:"kksa }kjk >wej dh fo’ks"k rkyks ij fd;k tkus okyk eq[; u`R; gS A bldk uke ?kwej uke dks dyk ls fy[kk x;k gS A ftlesa yksx ,d pDdj esa ukprs gS A yksx <ksyh ds pkjksa rjQ pDdj cukrs gS A muds ifj/kku eq[; rkSj ij lQsn gksrs gS A

lEeh

;g ikjaEifjd dfBukbZ u`R; gS tks lanyokj {ks= dh vkSjrks }kjk fd;k tkrk Fkk tks vo ikfdLrku esa gS A u`R; <ksy dh rky ij fd;k tkrk gS tks iatkc dk eq[; ok/; ;a= gS A xjr vkneh dh ftUnxh esa fnu o fnugksus okyh [kqf’k;ksa nq[kksa dks n’kkZrs gS rFkk ;g dksey Hkkoukvksa ldh >yd Hkh ns[kus dks feyrh gS A

fx}k

fx}k cM+k gh e’kgqj o I;kjk u`R; gS tks iatkch vkSjrks }kjk ’kknh&O;kg] cPps ds tUe ij] rht R;ksgkj ij o vU; [kq’kh ds voljksa ij fd;k tkrk gSA

upkj

upkj iatkc esa yksd u`R; dh lolls ialnhnk ikjEifjd ’kSyh gS A upkj u`R; Hkh >yd dsoy xkWaoksa esa gh ns[kus dks feyrh gS A tks vc Nkofu;ksa esa lekIr gks pqdh gS A xzkeh.kkska us LdkfV’k cSx ikbZi ij ukpuk ’kq: dj fn;k Fkk ftldks fczfV’k lsuk vius csa.M ls ctkrh Fkh A bldh xkWawt viuh feBkl ds Qwy u`R; ds Åij fo[ksjrh gS A ;qok yM+ds yM+fd;ksa ds diM+s igu dj vius vyx vyx vUnakt esa ukprs gS rFkk nwljs ok/; ;a= tSls fpeVk] <ksy o dHkh dHkh ef’peh <ksy o rEcwjs Hkh ctk, tkrs gS A

ekyok fx}k

iatkc ds ekyok {ks= esa tks lryqt nfj;k ds nf{k.k esa iM+rk gS iq:"kksa esa fx}k cM+k izpfYyr gS A tks eyobZ fx}k ds rkSj ij tkuk tkrk gS A dqrkZ o pknjk igus o ysbZ yxh ixfM;kWa ck/ks gq, gj dykdkj ds gkFk esa ,d yksd lkt gksrk gS tSls fpeVk] <ksyd] dkVks o xM+ok vkfn A

ckftxj

ckthxj dbZ dchyksa esa cgqr gh ifjf’k"V o jaxhys yksx gS tks vc iw.kZr% LFkkfir gks x, gS A iatkc ds flok; ckthxj iwjs mÙkj Hkkjr esa Qsy x, tSls jktLFkku] gfj;k.kk] fgekpy] tEew rFkk d’kehj A bl {ks= ds vkSj cgqr lkjs dchyksa dh rjg ckthxj vius vki dksjktLFkku esa iqjkru jktiwr jktkvksa ds oa’kt ekurs gS A ;g ckr lkQ gS fd ckthxj uke oktrh ’kCn ls fudyk rFkk bu yksxksa dks ckthxj dgk tkus yxk D;ksafd okth+ mu yksxks }kjk fn[kkbZ tkus okyh ,d tknqbZ dyk gS tks muds }kjk fn[kkbZ tkrh gS A ckthxj NksVh NksVh cfLr;ksa esa NksVs dloksa o xkWaoksa ds ckgjh fgLlks esa cl x, A ckthxj iq:"k vius djrc fn[kkus o efgyk,Wa u`R; djus o xhr xkus ds rkSj ij tkus tkrs gS A vlfy, bl tkfr ds izfdrfcEc dks fQYeks rFkk fyVjspj esa iz;ksx djus dk iz;Ru fd;k tkrk gS A ysfdu vkt rd fdlh ,d Hkh fQy ;k ys[ku dk;Z esa cktkxj vkSjrksa }kjk is’k fd;k x;k A fx}s dk tks fd iatkch fx}s esa dh xbZ ’kjh[kk fdz;k;ksa esa iw.kZ fdLe dk gS A

ysfdu fdlh Hkh fQYe ;k ys[ku dky esa deh Hkh ckth dh iw.kZ izLrqfr ;k ckthxj efgykvksa }kjk fd;k tkus okyk fx}k tks fd iatkch fx}s ls ’kjhfjd fdz;ksa rkyksa rFkk iw.kZ dk;Z’kSyh esa fcYdqy vyx fdLe dk gS A dHkh Hkh jpkured izR;u ugh fd;k gS A

ckthxj xkWaoks rFkk NksVs dLcksa ds ckgjh fgLlksa esa NksVh NksVh oLrh;k cuk dj jg jgs gS A og dHkh Hkh ,d ls nwljs xkWao esa ugh ?kwers A vius chrs le; dh rjg gh viuh ckth;ksa ds djrc fn[kkdj viuh jksth jksVh dekrs gS A mudh efgyk,Wa NksVs NksVs cPpksa ds fy, f[kykSus] pj[kksa ds pje[k rFkk NksVh cM+h lwfb;ka bR;kfn csprh gS A chtkxj efgyk,Wa fdlh [kq’kh ds ekSds ij ;k fdlh yM+ds ds tUe ij ml ifjokj dks ukp dj o yksfj;ka xkdj [kq’k djus o o/kkbZ nsus tkrh gS A xkWaoks rFkk dLoksa esa vkt Hkh ckthxj efgyk, yksgM+h tSls R;kSgkjks ds ekSds ij xhr xkdj o ukpdj yksxksa dk euksjatu djrh gS ao viuh jksth jksVh dekrh gS A

’kks;Z dyk

xrdk ’kks;Z ;q} fo|k

iatkc ch cfynkuh dyk o ;ks}kvksa dh iatkc dh /kjrh larks ds rkSj ij tkuh tkrh gS A ijUrq bl Hkwfe us cM+s d"V >sys gS A bl fy, bl esa cgqr ls ;kS/kkvksa o ’kwjohjks us tUe fy;k gS A flD[k tkfr nwfu;k dh lcls cgknqj tkfr;ksa esa ls ,d tkfr fxuh tkrh gS A ’kk;Z dykvksa dh ’kq:vkr flD[k bfrgkl ls ’kq: gqbZ Fkh A fnYyh ds njckj r[r ls ;s gqDe gqvk Fkk fd eqfLyeksa ds flok; dksbZ Hkh flj ij ixM+h ugh igu ldrk A u ?kksM+s ij lekj gksxk rFkk u gh dksbZ gfj;kj j[k ldsxk A NVs xq: th us vius Qkst rS;kj dh rFkk mls NVs xq: th us vdky r[r lkfgc uke dh laLFkk LFkkfir dh rFkk fnYyh njckj ds izfr:i esa viuh lsuk ouk dj mls dyxh ;k rkt rFkk ’kL=ks ls ltk;k A mUgksus us viuh vuq;kf;vksa dks gqDe fn;k fd og ixM+h igu ldrs gS A ?kksMs ij Lokj gks ldrs gS rFkk ’kL= /kkj.k dj ldrs gS A

nlos xq: Jh xksfcUn flag th us iat I;kj ¼ikWap fiz; f’k";½ rS;kj fd, ftudks [k.Ms ckjs dk ve`r Ndsk;k ftldk eryo Fkk fd og lo leku gS rFkk mudks ve`r uke dk ’kq} ty fiyk;k A ftlesa fd dqnjrh ’kfDr dks feykdj viuk [kkylk rS;kj fd;k tks fd lar flikgh dgyk;kA bl izdkj ,d ;ks/kk ds fy, ;s t:jh Fkk fd oks ;q} fo|k lh[ks A

xrdk ¼;q} fo|k½ ,d vyx fdLe dh vuks[kh dyklh tks ;q} eSnku v[kkM+s esa tkdj yM+h tkus okyh vxz.kh dyk /kkfeZd Lfkkuksa o lHkkvksa esa fl[kykbZ tkrh Fkh fl[k xq:vksa ls lEcf/kr uxj dhrZuksa ¼’kksHkk ik=kvksa½ esa fn[kkbZ tkrh gS A tgkWa bldk [kqyh tyx esa fu;eksa ds vuqlkj iznf"kZr dh tkrh gS A

vU; u`R;

iatkc ds vU; u`R;ksa esa iq:"kks o efgykvksa dk u`R; ;g yqìh Hkh ’kkfey gS A byds bykck iq:"kks o efgykvksa dk Hkh MadMk u`R; rFkk blds bykok ogqr ls /kkfeZd u`R; tSls tkyh] uke/kkjh u`R;] yaxwj u`R;] lky] /keky] rFkk vU; u`R; A